The Effects of Social Norms on Society Free Essays

Dr. Kenneth Hoffman Sociology 200-302 2 January 2013 The Effects of Social Norms on Society In a world where routine is dominant and change is difficult to adhere by, social norms have become major assets for a smoothly functioning day. With the experiment of breaking normative behavior I wanted to do something subtle yet startling. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Social Norms on Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes the smallest changes in behavior receive the toughest adjustments. First impressions have a strong influence on a person’s relationship with someone else. With that being said, I decided to change the way I went about greeting people. The opening greeting of shaking hands and smiling has become so common it has lost value and become routine. The subtle change I made to my greeting was that I decided to only say my name in a monotone voice and shake hands with the wrong hand, leading to responses of surprise, unease, and sometimes anger. With most people being right handed, I have made the assumption that this could be why the common greeting is to shake with one’s right hand. The â€Å"normal† greeting is to smile, say hello, and shake with your right hand. People have taken what use to be excitement to seeing each other to going through common motions repeated multiple times. This greeting is a sign that one may have come from a proper upbringing and family, possibly middle to upper class. It is also taken as a common sign of acceptance to strangers meeting for the first time. My sample size of people ranged from people of all ages and relationships to me. I decided I would greet with a plain face and state my name and reach out with my left hand with all introductions. People who did not know me well believed I was unpleasant and felt awkward. My new greeting was taken with surprise, as people who know me well believed I was in a bad mood or having a bad day. If I don’t do the norm I’m considered upset and negative. From the experiment I learned that people commonly receive me as joyful and energetic. In a way my own personal norm has evolved into me being upbeat whether my day has been good or bad. All people react to different stimuli in their own way. With that being said, I was surprised to find that out of the 20+ people I greeted against the norm, only one gave my greeting a â€Å"normal† response without interruption. The lone person was a 12 year old boy I see regularly and he just continued what he was doing without a hint of awkwardness. The older people would teach and try to correct what they took as my â€Å"ignorance† toward a common greeting. A few of these older experimentees actually refused to shake my hand unless it was a right handed shake. People around the same age as me were awkward with a sarcastic manner, laughed, or just went ahead and shook my left hand after a moment of hesitation. With all the immediate responses having large variance, the most correlated response was that people thought there was something wrong with my well-being and tried to cheer me up. The overall response to the experiment ended up being quite humorous. It also opened my eyes to how much the people in my life care about me. While I expected the awkward moments, I expected more people to just go along with it and not be startled. Even the slightest changes in one’s actions can affect the response and mood of how people interact with one another. In this case, it was subtle yet changed the entire complexion of the exchanges between the people I intercepted. With responses ranging from laughter to confusion, the smallest changes in normative behavior can have most astonishing results. How to cite The Effects of Social Norms on Society, Papers

Supporting Significant Life Event Social Networks - Sample Solution

Questions: Task 1: This task requires you to understand how significant life events such as dying and bereavement impact on individuals and their social networks. You could use the context of the case study mentioned above and your work place in health and social care to deal with the tasks. 1.1 Explain the physical, psychological and social impact of bereavement on individuals (that is; the bereaved person). 1.2 Analyse possible group responses to bereavement. 1.3 Analyse the impact for others in health and social care when an individual is bereaved. Task 2: Description of problem to be solved: This task requires you to understand the support available for individuals experiencing significant life events such as bereavement. 2.1 Evaluate the effectiveness of organisational policies and procedures of supporting bereaved individuals e.g. Mrs Garry and their social networks. 2.2 Explain how others in social networks may provide support to bereaved individuals 2.3 Evaluate the suitability of external sources of support available for bereaved individuals. Task 3: Based on personal reflection of your own experiences within health and social care and the case study provided. Due to its practice-based requirements; these criteria will also be covered with the Integrated Unit of PPD This task requires you to be able to analyse responses made by health and social care services to support individuals experiencing significant life events. 3.1 Analyse possible organisational responses to the need to support individuals experiencing a significant life event. 3.2 As a health and social care professional, reflect on your own personal contributions to the support of individuals experiencing significant life events such as bereavement. ? Answers: 1.1 Physical, psychological and social impact of bereavement on individuals As referred to in the case scenario, George had suffered the loss of her beloved mother and her death may be considered to be a devastating event. This sudden shock is expressed through both physical as well as psychological reactions. George was unaware of her mothers condition but when he was informed about her hospitalization and the seriousness of her conditions, George went through a period of intense shock, loss and grief. Bereavement manifests some physical signs of depression, anxiety and fear (Carter, Mikan and Simpson, 2009). Another physical symptom is that of increased adrenaline. It is one of the features of the flight or fight responses to certain crisis. The loss of a beloved one often provokes this type of panic. Such adrenaline hike may lead to accelerated heartbeat, involuntary limb shakiness and in entire body. Physical exhaustion is another manifestation. Research shows that digestive problems may emerge after the death of beloved individuals. These are forms of physical symptoms. On the grounds of psychological aspect, emotional numbness is one of the symptoms of bereavement. Initially the affected individual may feel detached from his life which results from shock of grief. Another common emotional impact is that of anger. One may feel angry with oneself or the individual is no more in life (Skea and Nishioka, 2008). Bereavement even affects individual socially as the person remains no more in contact with his social surrounding. His social life gets affected severely and the time taken to get used to with the normal life varies from one person to another. The bereaved individual may start neglecting his own appearance for some time and feels quite isolated from the rest of the world (Hays, Kasl and Jacobs, 1994). 1.2 Possible group responses to bereavement Any bereaved individual may frequently switch amidst alternate emotions of denial, sadness, anger, guilt and fear several times a day. The extent of experiencing bereavement depends on individual attributes as well as personality. It is also dependent on the ways any individual responds to loss or crisis situations, the kind of relationship shared between the bereaved person and who died, and also our attitudes as well as opinions about death as well as life. This may also get affected by the extent to which we are supported by our surroundings and all sorts of stress. Different groups may respond to bereavement in different ways, and this depends upon the type of relationship they managed to have during the course of life. There are groups of people who are affected minor because of their practical lifestyle and personality. It is known to them that people are mortal and that one has to leave this world one day or the other. They face emotional setback for a couple of days and they again their go with the normal flow of life. Again there are some groups of peoples who face it quite seriously and the time period may vary for several days of even months. Complicated bereavement may occur when any bereaved individual remains incapable of dealing with their personal feelings of grief as well as loss (Hoyle, 2012). They may possess intensified thoughts related to own lives, regrets, personal choices, or even own mortality. The concept of bereavement may instigate several changes which can impact those individuals left behind by their beloved. Although coping with these changes may be severely painful as well as many cases overwhelming, the very result of the process may be positive. For instance, it is identified by individuals that confronting the matter of death enable them to become even more compassionate and pursue all that important in life. 1.3 The impact for others in health and social care when an individual is bereaved All health care professionals often encounter bereaved individuals by means of personal as well as professional lives. Most of the individuals face common grief and gradually cope, while others face severe setback and reactions prolonging period of which may prove to be fatal for the bereaved individual (Kendler, Myers and Zisook, 2008). This may complicate things. Whereas the experience of bereavement refers to pervasive aspect of growing up, this is a crucial event for some young people and carrying significant outcomes in both short-term and long term. Some new studies and investigations have shown that bereavement can bear significant outcomes even in health and social care workers (Kim et al., 2012). These significances are reflective in varied forms involving spiritual development, respective perspective on personal identities and understanding own individualism along with background. Since health and social care providers are ones who directly deal with such bereaved patients, they experience different forms of bereavement. They get so much involved in managing the situation that sometimes bereavement impacts them adversely. Bereavement: A risk Health care providers and other care givers have to undergo difficult situations along with the patients. Bereavement is not only harmful for the closed individual but even for the surrounding as not every time it comes up with negative outcomes (Magill, 2009). The impacts can be of different types like some can develop increased expectations for themselves or acquire new strengths, while some others may get overwhelmed as well as de-motivated, thereby reducing expectations. In all the evidence points towards the need to have complex models of stress factors as well as resources that young people may draw upon and considered for longer time period. The experience of such losses may be quite distinctly associated with risk of negative outcomes. These are linked to social class and other factors. 2.1 Effectiveness of organizational policies and procedures of supporting bereaved individuals There are evidences that show that organizational policies must be maintained to in order to support bereaved individuals. This would enable young people, children, families and communities including that of professional individuals to cope with the tough situations and respond to the social surrounding in the most desired manner possible. The society needs to understand this that the issue of bereavement is a general attribute with the lives of young people and this is the issue to be dealt with experts (Ando et al., 2013). Arguments may be raised regarding the inclusion of such type of death education in educational institutions or professional organizations. Support groups in organizations may have specific relevance to deal with bereavement cases or difficulties and including lives of miserable people. Research also states the need to have increased support as well as training by professionals to deal with issues related to bereavement (Juth et al., 2015). Palliative experts in organizations have recently given increased attention towards the concerning issues of all bereaved individuals, youth or children. Several innovative initiatives have been like that of interactive websites meant for young people as well as children. However, recent voluntary funded services often center hospices with increased emphasis upon anticipated deaths (Skea and Nishioka, 2008). Some researches concern about the way of accessing services for bereaved individuals. This is associated with the issues concerning personal help as well as health education for youth. These wide areas of policy development require ensuring that bereavement is well included with proper consideration to own right as significant issue for people. Simultaneously it is also significant for such policies to pay specific attention towards the manner bereavement support the living deprivation as well as disadvantages. Hence, while evidence refers to the need for varied range of effectiv e services that is potentially available to every individual (Juth et al., 2015). 2.2 How others in social networks may provide support to bereaved individuals It is expected that teenagers learn to bear own responsibilities and also manage own behavior or emotions in private as well as public. Several studies have shown that large groups of bereaved individuals avoid talking with anyone regarding experiences. They feel the risk of isolation with time. Bereaved individuals can have varied relationships with their peers or family members. Family and friends play crucial role in identifying and dealing with bereaved individuals and their experiences in bereavement (Carter, Mikan and Simpson, 2009). Families and social surroundings play key role in mitigating with the problem of bereavement of individuals. These may include mutual support from closed ones and also appropriate behavior responses from them. Bereavement even affects individual socially as the person remains no more in contact with his social surrounding. His social life gets affected severely and the time taken to get used to with the normal life varies from one person to another (Pietil, 2002). The bereaved individual may start neglecting his own appearance for some time and feels quite isolated from the rest of the world. The society needs to understand this that the issue of bereavement is a general attribute with the lives of young people and this is the issue to be dealt with experts (Ierodiakonou Benou et al., 2008). Arguments may be raised regarding the inclusion of such type of death education in educational institutions or professional organizations. Support groups in organizations may have specific relevance to deal with bereavement cases or difficulties and including lives of miserable people. Research also states the need to have increased support as well as training by professionals to deal with issues related to bereavement. 2.3 Suitability of external sources of support available for bereaved individuals Bereaved individuals can have varied relationships with their peers or family members. Family and friends play crucial role in identifying and dealing with bereaved individuals and their experiences in bereavement. Families and social surroundings play key role in mitigating with the problem of bereavement of individuals (Lee, Woo and Goh, 2012). These may include mutual support from closed ones and also appropriate behavior responses from them. Bereavement even affects individual socially as the person remains no more in contact with his social surrounding. His social life gets affected severely and the time taken to get used to with the normal life varies from one person to another. The national government must set out policies so that palliative care is available and accessible to every individual and also those diagnosed with diseases. People suffering from dementia must have equal access to such services (Carter, Mikan and Simpson, 2009). Focus must be given to discussing as wel l as documenting wishes. In the health care sector, training must be given to the staffs and professionals to provide suitable care support to patients. The concept of bereavement may instigate several changes which can impact those individuals left behind by their beloved (Shaw, Abrams and Marteau, 1999). Although coping with these changes may be severely painful as well as many cases overwhelming, the very result of the process may be positive. For instance, it is identified by individuals that confronting the matter of death enable them to become even more compassionate and pursue all that important in life (Gall, Henneberry and Eyre, 2013). 3.1 Possible organizational responses to the need to support individuals experiencing a significant life event Within acute settings, generalist may be competent to identify individuals who at the end of their lives are likely to benefit from specialist care irrespective of medical conditions. NHS Trusts need to ensure that these staffs are given opportunities to learn from various palliative care teams. The national government must set out policies so that palliative care is available and accessible to every individual and also those diagnosed with diseases. People suffering from dementia must have equal access to such services (Read and Bowler, 2007). Focus must be given to discussing as well as documenting wishes. In the health care sector, training must be given to the staffs and professionals to provide suitable care support to patients. Government has a great role in providing clarity as well as leadership related to policy on care planning as well as its implementation. It needs to consider raising awareness of such issues as bereavement so that every individual is well aware about the cause and impact of bereavement among individuals (Lee, Woo and Goh, 2012). The health committee needs to frame policies and regulation so as to make effort to help the bereaved individuals as George as mentioned in the case scenario. The health staffs and professionals must be given adequate training on dealing with bereaved individuals so as to help them cope with difficult situations (Gall, Henneberry and Eyre, 2013). The concept of bereavement may instigate several changes which can impact those individuals left behind by their beloved. Although coping with these changes may be severely painful as well as many cases overwhelming, the very result of the process may be positive. For instance, it is identified by individuals that co nfronting the matter of death enable them to become even more compassionate and pursue all that important in life. 3.2 As a health and social care professional, reflect on your own personal contributions to the support of individuals experiencing significant life events such as bereavement Reflection on my personal contribution towards support of individuals experiencing life events would be beneficial. Being one such medical professional in the health sector I feel it is my prime duty to focus on various types of care that can be provided to individuals undergoing some tough conditions (Lee and Kim, 2003). One such area is with bereaved individuals. These are individuals who seem to waste their rest of the life in grief of any one of their beloved ones. The loss of death of a closed one may cause severe damages to lives of some people. I believe these are the individuals who need mental care the most. Support from family and society are vital for them and this is the area I focus on as a human being. Bereaved individuals may struggle over several years to major bereavement often unnoticed by the surroundings (Holland et al., 2013). The idea that an individual would soon get over with the loss may be wrong as the person may revisit different bereavement such as struggl ing to deal with all sorts of overwhelming feelings, possibility of being isolated from social groups, increased sense of risk as well as vulnerability, lack of proper help from social surroundings, lack of decision making power in lives, etc. One must not let any sort of discomfort to prevent one from reaching out to the bereaved individual. The most significant thing that can be done for any bereaved person is simply to be there at the time of need for support as well as caring presence to help the person cope with pain and stress (Stajduhar, Martin and Cairns, 2010). The society needs to understand this that the issue of bereavement is a general attribute with the lives of young people and this is the issue to be dealt with experts. Arguments may be raised regarding the inclusion of such type of death education in educational institutions or professional organizations. Support groups in organizations may have specific relevance to deal with bereavement cases or difficulties and i ncluding lives of miserable people (Ierodiakonou Benou et al., 2008). Research also states the need to have increased support as well as training by professionals to deal with issues related to bereavement. 3.3 Make recommendations for improving the support available in a Care Home for residents and their social networks when affected by significant life events such as bereavement In a Care Home for residents as well as social networks, support to bereaved individuals may be improved by certain life events. When any individual is suffering from the pain of loss of closed ones, it is important for the surrounding individuals to be more concerned about the person and his conditions. They may be willing to talk about the person who passed away. In that case one of the most effective things one can do is to listen to the bereaved individual carefully, and provide them adequate time as well as space to grieve off. Empathy is what needed to act as the supporting factor for bereaved people (Wong, Ussher and Perz, 2009). It is important to communicate with the bereaved individuals on a regular basis either by directly or through calls, email or letter. The person needs to be encouraged to talk and there needs to be created an environment where the bereaved individual can be themselves as well as exhibit their feelings and not that put up something else in front (Gall, Henneberry and Eyre, 2013). Their mood swings are common and this needs to be well understood by others. Bereavement even affects individual socially as the person remains no more in contact with his social surrounding. His social life gets affected severely and the time taken to get used to with the normal life varies from one person to another. The bereaved individual may start neglecting his own appearance for some time and feels quite isolated from the rest of the world (McKiernan et al., 2013). The death of any closed one is the most difficult things one experiences. The struggle is with several frightening emotions involving anger, depression and guilt. Often the bereaved individual feels alone and pressed with grief but having someone as support beside to share all feelings. One must not let any sort of discomfort to prevent one from reaching out to the bereaved individual (Holland et al., 2013). The most significant thing that can be done for any bereaved person is simply to be there at the time of need for support as well as caring presence to help the person cope with pain and stress. References Ando, M., Sakaguchi, Y., Shiihara, Y. and Izuhara, K. (2013). Changes experienced by and the future values of bereaved family members determined using narratives from bereavement life review therapy.Palliative and Supportive Care, 13(01), pp.59-65. Barrett, E., Ausbrooks, C. and Martinez-Cosio, M. (2011). The Tempering Effect of Schools on Students Experiencing a Life-Changing Event: Teenagers and the Hurricane Katrina Evacuation.Urban Education, 47(1), pp.7-31. Carter, P., Mikan, S. and Simpson, C. (2009). A feasibility study of a two-session home-based cognitive behavioral therapyinsomnia intervention for bereaved family caregivers.Palliative and Supportive Care, 7(02), p.197. Gall, T., Henneberry, J. and Eyre, M. (2013). Two Perspectives on the Needs of Individuals Bereaved by Suicide.Death Studies, 38(7), pp.430-437. Guntekin, B., Emek, D., Kurt, P., Yener, G. and Basar, E. (2013). Event-related beta responses of healthy individuals and individuals with mild cognitive impairment during a visual oddball paradigm.Alzheimer's Dementia, 9(4), pp.P228-P229. Hardy, M. and Nightingale, J. (2014). Paper 1: Conceptualizing the Transition from Advanced to Consultant Practitioner: Career Promotion or Significant Life Event?.Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, 45(4), pp.356-364. Holland, J., Rozalski, V., Thompson, K., Tiongson, R., Schatzberg, A., O'Hara, R. and Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2013). The Unique Impact of Late-Life Bereavement and Prolonged Grief on Diurnal Cortisol.The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69B(1), pp.4-11. Ierodiakonou Benou, I., Kaprinis, S., Sokolaki, S., Iakovidis, A. and Kaprinis, G. (2008). Psychological impact of perinatal bereavement in different cultures.Ann Gen Psychiatry, 7(Suppl 1), p.S189. Juth, V., Smyth, J., Carey, M. and Lepore, S. (2015). Social Constraints are Associated with Negative Psychological and Physical Adjustment in Bereavement.Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 7(2), pp.129-148. Lee, G., Woo, I. and Goh, C. (2012). Understanding the concept of a good death among bereaved family caregivers of cancer patients in Singapore.Palliative and Supportive Care, 11(01), pp.37-46. Lee, J. and Kim, H. (2003). An Examination of the Impact of Health on Wealth Depletion in Elderly Individuals.The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58(2), pp.S120-S126. Litauska, A., Kozikowski, A., Nouryan, C., Kline, M., Pekmezaris, R. and Wolf-Klein, G. (2013). Do residents need end-of-life care training?.Palliative and Supportive Care, 12(03), pp.195-201. McKiernan, F., Spreadbury, J., Carr, T. and Waller, G. (2013). Psychological Aspects of Bereavement in Adults: Preliminary Development of the Bereavement Experiences Index.Journal of Social Work in End-Of-Life Palliative Care, 9(1), pp.7-26. Shaw, C., Abrams, K. and Marteau, T. (1999). Psychological impact of predicting individuals risks of illness: a systematic review.Social Science Medicine, 49(12), pp.1571-1598. Skea, J. and Nishioka, S. (2008). Policies and practices for a low-carbon society.Climate Policy, 8(Supp.), p.S5. Stajduhar, K., Martin, W. and Cairns, M. (2010). What makes grief difficult? Perspectives from bereaved family caregivers and healthcare providers of advanced cancer patients.Palliative and Supportive Care, 8(03), pp.277-289. Stroebe, W. (2008). Does social support help with marital bereavement?.Bereavement Care, 27(1), pp.3-6. Wong, W., Ussher, J. and Perz, J. (2009). Strength through adversity: Bereaved cancer carers' accounts of rewards and personal growth from caring.Palliative and Supportive Care, 7(02), p.187. Carter, P., Mikan, S. and Simpson, C. (2009). A feasibility study of a two-session home-based cognitive behavioral therapyinsomnia intervention for bereaved family caregivers.Palliative and Supportive Care, 7(02), p.197. Hays, J., Kasl, S. and Jacobs, S. (1994). Past Personal History of Dysphoria, Social Support, and Psychological Distress Following Conjugal Bereavement.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 42(7), pp.712-718. Hoyle, E. (2012). Life without Geoff.Bereavement Care, 31(3), pp.96-97. Kendler, K., Myers, J. and Zisook, S. (2008). Does Bereavement-Related Major Depression Differ From Major Depression Associated With Other Stressful Life Events?.American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(11), pp.1449-1455. Kim, N., Paulus, D., Nguyen, T. and Gonzalez, J. (2012). Do Clinical Psychologists Extend the Bereavement Exclusion for Major Depression to Other Stressful Life Events?.Medical Decision Making, 32(6), pp.820-830. Magill, L. (2009). The spiritual meaning of pre-loss music therapy to bereaved caregivers of advanced cancer patients.Palliative and Supportive Care, 7(01), p.97. Pietil, M. (2002). Support groups: A psychological or social device for suicide bereavement?.British Journal of Guidance Counselling, 30(4), pp.401-414. Read, S. and Bowler, C. (2007). life story work and bereavement: shared reflections on its usefulness.Learning Disability Practice, 10(4), pp.10-14. Stajduhar, K., Martin, W. and Cairns, M. (2010). What makes grief difficult? Perspectives from bereaved family caregivers and healthcare providers of advanced cancer patients.Palliative and Supportive Care, 8(03), pp.277-289. Wong, W., Ussher, J. and Perz, J. (2009). Strength through adversity: Bereaved cancer carers' accounts of rewards and personal growth from caring.Palliative and Supportive Care, 7(02), p.187.

Information System Used by Market Essay Sample free essay sample

Section AMarkets and authoritiess have complementary functions in industrialisation. Markets are covering with the turning economic sciences complexness that came with industrialisation. Then. authoritiess have to find the types of economic system. a ) Identify the type of economic science system and explicate the economic features of each. Economic systems are usually distinguished by the extent of authorities engagement in resource allotment and goods production. There are three major types of economic systems such as free-market economic system. command economic system. and assorted economic system. Many states have a assorted economic system to some extent. intending they combine facets of market and planned systems. However. the general tendency of economic policy can frequently let for classification into one of the other three systems. Free-market economic system A market economic system is closely related to capitalist economy and free endeavor. The demand for goods defines what is produced. and most concerns are in private owned. We will write a custom essay sample on Information System Used by Market Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Those persons and houses pursue their ain opportunism without any cardinal way and ordinances. They are all motivated by net income. where the purchasers and Sellerss are entirely responsible for the picks they make. In add-on. free-market gives the absolute power to monetary values to find the allotment and distribution of goods and services. These monetary values. in bend. are fixed by the forces of supply and demand of a several trade good. Merely people with sufficient control over resources. and wealth. in peculiar have the privilege to buy goods and services. frequently priced really extremely in a free-market economic system. The monetary values. which are the lone allocating and administering factor in this economic system. place the hapless in an awkward state of affairs who are bit by bit thrown out of the system without any entree to wealth and the basic demands of subsistence. Furthermore. if the demand is short of the supply of a several trade good. the monetary value will fall every bit opposed to a monetary value rise when the supply is unequal to run into the turning demand of a good or service. The function of the authorities of state is merely limited to commanding the jurisprudence and order of a state and to guarantee that a ‘fair price’ is charged by the Sellerss. Therefore. it means that. authorities holding no function in administrating the monetary value of a trade good. has to see that the monetary values taken by the Sellerss is true and commensurate with the monetary value determined by the forces of demand and supply. Command economic system Command economic system is besides called every bit planned economic system. It is an economic system in which a cardinal authorities be aftering either straight and indirectly sets end product marks. incomes and monetary values. Government owns most concern. decides on the monetary value of goods and how trade goods are distributed. For this type of economic system. the basic economic inquiry will be solved by the authorities. Rather than giving persons the opportunity to make up ones mind what they want or need. the authorities decides these inquiries for the state. It is rather hard for the person because it is impossible for them to cognize precisely what the best is for those citizens. Fortunes. wagess. rewards and other pecuniary benefits like fillip are distributed on the footing of the joint rendition of services. This is how command economic system really eradicates the profit-making at single degrees. It doesn’t aid with their workers’ motive because everyone is given the same sum of goods and the same criterion of life. For illustration. a difficult working citizen will non acquire any benefits from work because they can non increase their criterion of life any greater than it presently is and they will do merely every bit much as a individual who exerts little or no attempt. Command economic system is merely opposite to the construct of free-market economic system. with regard to the basic money-making attacks. While market economic system tends to multiply the wealth of a state through the gradual procedure of development. command economic system system prefers deliberate planning of the full money-making procedure for the better consequences. Actually. such sincere economic planning in the long tally proves good to better the economic conditions of a state. Assorted economic systemThere are both public and private sectors working together in manus to guarantee the economic growing of the economic system. The market determines the monetary value and allotment of resources in some sectors of the economic system and the authorities does in others. Neither the market nor the authorities wholly controls the economic system. Many states have a assorted economic system to some grade. For illustration. China allows private ownership of concerns although it controls production and pricing. The United States authorities interferes with a strictly free market by mandating minimal rewards and plans such as societal security. To some grade. therefore. both China and the United States are assorted economic systems. A assorted economic system is an economic system that answers the three inquiries both in the market place and in the authorities. Those inquiries are: what will be produced with our resources? How will these goods be produced? And. for whom will we bring forth these goods? Although the United States authorities plays a function in our economic system. a assorted economic system normally involves manufacturers working closer with the authorities than they do in the United States so the US economic system is still a market economic system. The economic system a state has is based on what is best for the state. Government play an of import function in this economic system such as minimizes the market inefficiencies. supply the public goods. cut down the spread between the hapless and rich. and besides promote low degrees of unemployment and rising prices. The authorities will seek to cut down the income inequality by enforcing revenue enhancements where higher income earner is taxed more than the lower income earner. B ) Discuss the costs and benefits if a state moves from bid economic system towards a free-market economic system. In a bid economic system. the cardinal authorities regulates assorted factors of production. In fact. the authorities is the concluding authorization to take determinations sing production. use of the finished industrial merchandises and the allotment of the grosss earned from their distribution. Besides. the basic economic jobs will be solved by the authorities. The spread between the rich and the hapless is little. In this economic system. consumers have no pick but have to accept all the determination made by the authorities. The term free market economic system means a system where the purchasers and Sellerss are entirely responsible for the picks they make. In a manner. free market gives the absolute power to monetary values to find the allotment and distribution of goods and services. Besides. consumers are the 1s who would find and act upon the types and measure of good and services to be produced. In free-market economic system. monetary value mechanisms will reply all the demand and supply inquiries. In instances of demand falling short of the supply of a several trade good. the monetary value will fall every bit opposed to a monetary value rise when the supply is scarce to run into the turning demand of a good or service. Free market economic system is besides characterized by free trade without any duties or subsidies imposed by the authorities. If a state moves from bid economic system towards a free-market economic system. there will be some alterations in the economic system. Let’s us discuss the costs and benefits if a state moves from bid economic system towards a free-market economic system. First. there is more freedom in free-market economic system due to miss of authorities engagement in this economic system. Hence. purchasers are free to buy any trade good which they like and in whatever sums. The marketer or the manufacturer of a good can besides bring forth whichever merchandise they want to. Besides. the manufacturers can increase the capacity of any single trade good depend on the forces of the market. Manufacturers are free to set about the hazards and wagess associated with addition in production. There is no province intervention in the operation of the forces of the market. Following. houses will ever be looking to bring forth something new to acquire in front of their rivals. Even though the function of authorities is limited in free-market economic system. one of its occupations is to protect belongings rights. This will include rational belongings rights through patents. Hence. there are inducements in the free market system for houses to be advanced and bring forth better quality merchandises. Obviously there is no inducement for the bid market to be advanced. Equally long as they produce the necessities. the bid market will be happy. In free-market economic system. houses will bring forth whatever consumers are prepared to purchase. Consumer demands are extremely satisfied due to extremely react to consumer demand. The consumer is sovereign in the economic system. Besides. due to the free endeavor factor. there are no limitations on what the houses can bring forth. Therefore. there will be a much larger pick of goods and services in a free market e conomic system compared with a bid economic system. The bid economic system will be more concerned with doing certain there are adequate indispensable goods to travel around instead than apportioning resources expeditiously between all goods. A disadvantage of a market economic system is that sometimes some of the flow-on effects of profit-seeking economic activity can be harmful to other persons or groups. In a slackly regulated market economic system what may be good or profitable for an person. company or group of companies may non be good for many others. For illustration. it can be dearly-won for a manufacturer to minimise the negative environmental effects of his activities. If these negative effects do non instantly affect net incomes and there is no regulative demand to minimise them. so there is no inducement to implement them. Free market economic systems. although have been successful in developed economic systems. will non be so in developing states and the lone resort for them is the theoretical account of the assorted economic system or societal market economic system. The welfare function of the province is retained in a societal market economic system which cares for the hapless. In instances where the hapless states are endeavoring towards a free market economic system. there should be certain sections controlled by the province but with prevalence of free endeavor such that efficiency is restored and the state moves towards economic prosperity. Thus. free market economic system under centralised political control is the most effectual manner for these states. Apart from that. environment and societal ends may be ignored in free-market economic system as compared to command economic system. As we see. command economic system emphasizes more on corporate benefits. instead than the demands of a individual person. Under such fortunes. wagess. rewards and other pecuniary benefits like fillip are distributed on the footing of the joint rendition of services. This is the manner bid economic system really eradicates the profit-making at single degrees. Command economic system is merely opposite to the construct of market economic system. with regard to the basic money-making attacks. While market economic system tends to multiply the wealth of a state through the gradual procedure of development. command economic system prefers deliberate planning of the full money-making procedure for better consequences. In fact. such sincere economic planning in the long tally proves good to better the economic conditions of a state. degree Celsius ) What economics jobs do you believe might originate if all goods and services were provided free to consumers by the province or authorities? Justify your reply. If all goods and services were provided free to consumers by the province or authorities. so citizens do non necessitate to work and they will non desire to work any longer. Citizens no demand to work because there is nil to sell and nil to purchase as goods and services were provided free. In this instance. they will all remain at place and waiting for the free gifts. Hence. this will do unemployment in some market. Since those citizens do non desire to work. the company they worked for will diminish in productiveness. Although goods and services were provided free. some markets still have to bring forth goods so that there are goods to supply for the citizens. Therefore. the market still needs employees in their houses. Next. if there is nil for the citizens to work and make. so the family will non gain income. It is because citizens did non supply the factors of production for the houses which enable them to bring forth the goods and services. Then. state will non acquire income due to no revenue enhancement from the citizens. This is because citizens do non desire to work and they get no income. so there is no revenue enhancements pay on income. Besides. the round flow of income and end product will interrupt excessively. Household is non spending and there is no gross for the houses ; families do non sell factors of production as they accept anything produced by the houses as goods and services are all free. Hence. the round flow of income and end product will wholly interrupt. Apart from that. some companies can non run as citizens do non work and wait for free gifts. As the companies can non run. the state will hold no income. Then state will hold to borrow money from other states to bring fort h these free goods and services. Therefore. the state stop up become broke. Besides. devaluation of currency will happen and the state will stop up being like Indonesia. Devaluation of currency is a deliberate downward accommodation to a country’s official exchange rate relation to other currencies. Devaluation makes the domestic currency cheaper relation to other currencies. There are two deductions of devaluation. First. devaluation makes the country’s exports comparatively less expensive for aliens. Second. the devaluation makes foreign merchandises comparatively more expensive for domestic consumers. therefore detering imports. If the state increases the monetary value of imports and exciting greater demand for domestic merchandises. devaluation may worsen rising prices. Besides. the creditworthiness of the state may be jeopardized. The country’s ability to procure foreign investing may be affected excessively. Furthermore. if goods and services were provided free to citizens. they will demand more goods as all goods are free. If dem and more than supply. rising prices will happen. This is because the authorities needs to publish more money paper to purchase merchandises to supply to the citizens. Citizens get things for free and they no demand to work. so the state will non hold any exports due to no productiveness in the state. If rising prices occurs. ingestion ratio will increase at early phases of rising prices. Peoples will be devouring more because money is more abundant and its value is non lowered yet. Besides. monetary values of imports will lift if the currency is debased. so its buying power in the international market is lower. When there is a high rising prices. salvaging money would intend watching your hard currency lessening in value twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours. so people tend to pass the hard currency on something else. Thus. stop up lowers national economy. In decision. all the above are the economic jobs that I think might originate if all goods and services were provided free to consumers by the province or authorities. Section BAnalyze the economic costs and benefits of the debut of a minimal pay in a competitory house. Figure 1. 0 Minimal pay of the labour marketMinimal pay statute law is one of the great civil wrongs perpetrated against the low-skilled who need the chances which middle-class workers. future professionals and the freelance can lawfully take for granted. What the lower limit pay jurisprudence does to the hapless is to deny to them the same freely chosen chances others follow for their ain wellbeing. Figure 1. 0 illustrates the minimal pay of the labour market. Next. lets us see the economic costs and benefits of the debut of a minimal pay in a competitory house. First. a minimal pay gives an unemployed individual inducement to take a occupation because he knows what his minimal wage will be. An unemployed individual can compare the money he gets from public aid and compare it to the minimal pay to find the fiscal inducement to taking a occupation. Besides. the debut of minimal pay will assist to cut down revenue enhancement load. For case. a individual doing at least minimal pay is non utilizing as many public services as person on unemployment. An unemployed worker is given public assistance. rent aid and nutrient casts in many provinces. With minimal pay. the demand for public aid is lowered and this reduces the revenue enhancement load on the community and the province. Without a minimal pay. it can be tough for little concern to make their concern budget. Therefore with a minimal pay in topographic point. a little concern proprietor knows what he will be expected to pay per hr and he can make new occupations with his company based on this budgeting information. However. the debut of minimal pay will diminish the efficiency. For case. when a authorities fixes a minimal pay for all the workers. so that sum is frequently considered to be the maximal by the enterprisers. If a worker is really efficient. he will non be paid higher rewards than fixed by authorities. It will therefore ensue in controling the inducement of the workers and thereby diminishing his efficiency. When lower limit pay is introduced. trouble may originate in enforcement. If a minimal pay is fixed. so troubles may originate in its enforcement. If the labour is unemployed. they may hold to work at a pay lower than that fixed by the authorities. Furthermore. minimal pay will do disorganisations in concern. If a minimal pay is fixed in sweated trades merely and non on the national graduated table. so there will be flight of capital from the former to the subsequently. This will do disorganisation in the whole concern. Another great drawback of repairing the lower limit pay is that it can be given to cut down the sum of employment in a state. Hence. unemployment will happen in the state. When minimal pay is fixed. the employers try to increase the monetary values of the trade goods in order to cover their increased labour costs. If the demand for the trade goods whose monetary value is raised is elastic. so the entire measure demanded will fall. When the trade goods are non disposed of at a net income. some of the houses will shut down their concerns ; others may cut down the figure of the workers. Some of the houses may seek to replace labour salvaging machines. The consequence of this will be that there will be greater unemp loyment in the state. Section Ca ) Discuss the features for each types of market construction: * Perfect Competitive Market Structure* Monopoly Market Structure* Oligopoly Market StructureAbsolutely Competitive MarketA absolutely competitory market must run into the some of the demands. First of all. both purchasers and Sellerss are monetary value takers. They are those people who take the market monetary value as given. Normally. families are monetary value takers because they accept the monetary value offered in shops. Within this type of market. the figure of houses is big. As the figure of houses additions. the consequence of house on the monetary value and measure in the market declines. Large means that what a house does has no bearing on what other houses do. For this market construction. there are no barriers to entry. Barriers sometimes take the signifier of patents granted to bring forth a certain good. If new manufacturers can come in and go out easy. bing houses might act as though there are more houses than at that place look to be. because there are more possible rivals. Entry into a market can be deterred by barriers to entry such as high start-up costs. trade name trueness. and authorities limitations. Another feature is the grade of homogeneousness of the merchandise. Differences in quality or other belongingss means that the merchandises of different houses are non perfect replacements for each other. and clients will absorb some monetary value differences among houses. Furthermore. there is complete information for this construction. Each participant has all of the information necessary to do the ‘correct’ picks. Firms and consumers know all there is to cognize about the market such as monetary values. merchandises. and available engineering. Any technological promotion would be immediately known to all in the market. Last. houses are net income maximizes. The end will be making net income and merchandise at the maximal degree. For absolutely competitory. proprietors will merely have net income as compensation non wages. Monopoly MarketMonopoly market is one of the construction that merely one manufacturer or marketer for a merchandise. It means that. the concern will be the industry. Entry into such a market is restricted due to high costs or other hindrances. which may be economic. societal or political. In add-on. as the individual marketer of a alone good with no close replacements. a monopoly has no competition. There are some features for monopoly. The first feature is the individual marketer. First and first. a monopoly will ever be monopoly because it is the lone marketer in the market. He or she will buy all the end product. Normally. the house and industry are indistinguishable. The word ‘monopoly’ really translates as ‘one seller’ . As the lone marketer. a monopoly controls the supply-side of the market wholly. If anyone wants to purchase the good. they must buy it from the lone monopoly. A premier beginning of monopoly power is the control of resources that are critical to the production of a concluding good. Monopoly market sells no close replacements merchandise. It achieves single-seller position because the good supplied is alone which is characterized by worsening costs over a comparatively big scope of production. There are no close replacements available for the good produced by a monopoly because a deficiency of economic competition for the goods and services were occurred. Besides. they besides face the job about the barriers to entry. Normally. monopoly frequently acquires and by and large maintains individual marketer position due to limitations on the entry of other houses into the market. There are some effectual barriers to entry which impedes the ability of other houses to get down a new concern in an industry in which existing houses are gaining positive economic net incomes. There are a few types of barriers legal barriers ( such as patents. prevent others from come ining the market ) . sociological barriers ( entry is prevented by usage or tradition ) . natural barriers ( house has a alone ability to bring forth what other houses can non double ) and the technological barriers ( size of the market can back up merely one house ) . In add-on. there is complete information. A monopoly frequently possesses information non available to others. This specialised information comes in the signifier of legally-established patents. right of first publications or hallmarks. Last. houses are all net income maximizes. The end of all houses will merely be net income. They will merchandise at the maximal degree where MR=MC. Oligopoly Market It is a market construction that characterized by a little figure of comparatively big houses that dominate an industry. The three most of import features of oligopoly are an industry dominated by a little figure of big houses. houses sell either indistinguishable or differentiated merchandises. and the industry has important barriers to entry. An oligopolistic industry is dominated by a little figure of big houses. each of which is comparatively big compared to the overall size of the market. This generates significant market control. the extent of market control depending on the figure and size of the houses. Some oligopoly industry produce indistinguishable merchandises. while others produce different merchandise. Identical merchandise oligopolies tend to treat natural stuffs or intermediate goods that are used as inputs by others. Firms in an oligopoly industry achieve and retain market control through barriers to entry. For illustrations. patents. resource ownership. authorities franchises. start-up cost and etc. Each of these makes it highly hard. if non impossible. for possible houses to come in an industry. B ) Suppose that a absolutely competitory industry became a monopoly. what alterations would you anticipate to see in:* The monetary value of industry’s good* The end product of industry’s good Perfect competitory industry is a market construction where there is a perfect grade of competition and individual monetary value prevails. In competitory market. both purchasers and Sellerss are monetary value takers. A monetary value taker is a house or person who takes the market monetary value as given. A absolutely competitory industry contains a big figure of houses. Besides. it is comparatively no barriers to come in or go out as a concern in a absolutely competitory market. This market has the grade of homogeneousness of the merchandise. The houses in a absolutely competitory market green goods and sell homogenous merchandises. Besides. there is complete information about the market like monetary values. merchandises and available engineering. Last. the end of all houses in a absolutely competitory market is net income and lone net income. Therefore. houses maximize net income. A monopoly is a market construction in which there is a individual provider of a merchandise. Monopolies exist because of barriers to entry into a market that prevent competition. For case. SESCO and Water Board are the illustrations of the monopoly market. In a monopoly. there is one marketer of the monopolized good who produces all the end product. The house and industry are indistinguishable. Besides. monopolies sell no close replacements merchandise. The absence of replacements makes the demand for the good comparatively inelastic enabling monopolies to pull out positive net incomes. There are effectual barriers to entry in monopoly. There are four types of barriers such as legal barriers. sociological barriers. natural barriers and technological barriers. There is complete information in monopoly excessively. The end of all houses in a monopoly market is merely net income. Firm will merchandise at the maximal degree where MR=MC. Monetary value MC PmEcPersonal computer MRc=Pc=DDc=ARcEm 0 Qm Qc MRm Pm=DDm=ARm Figure 1. 1The figure 1. 1 illustrates how a absolutely competitory industry alterations to a monopoly. When fringy gross peers to fringy cost ( MC=MRc ) . the equilibrium is at point Ec for absolutely competitory market. When market gross peers to fringy cost ( MC=MRm ) . the equilibrium is at point Em for monopoly. If a absolutely competitory industry became monopoly. the monetary value of industry’s good will increase. whereas the end product of industry’s good will diminish. ( Pm=price of monopoly. Pc=price of absolutely competitory market. Qm=quantity for monopoly. Qc=quantity for absolutely competitory market ) . Mention Cox. J. ( 1995 ) . The Minimal Wage. Retrieved November 15. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. conciseguidetoeconomics. com/book/minimumWage/ Gordon. B. ( 2010 ) . Advantages of Market Economy. Retrieved November 8. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. economywatch. com/market-economy/advantages-market-economy. html Hassamen. B. ( 2011 ) . The Benefits of Raising the Minimum Wage. Retrieved November 15. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. raiseminwage. org/id24. hypertext markup language Lee. S. ( 2011 ) . The Advantages and Disadvantages of a Market Economy. Retrieved November 15. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ehow. com/info_8319704_advantages-disadvantages-market-economy. hypertext markup language Lovering. C. ( 2010 ) . Different Type of Economic Systems. Retrieved November 15. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ehow. com/list_7621411_different-type-economic-systems. hypertext markup language Roach. S. S. . Rajan. R. . A ; Sachs. J. D. ( 2010 ) . Command Economy. Planned Economy. Retrieved November 7. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. economywatch. com/economy-articles/command-economy. hypertext markup language Shostak. F. ( 2002 ) . Specifying Inflation. Retrieved November 17. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //mises. org/daily/908 Stiglitz. J. E. . Roubini. N. . A ; Smith. D. ( 2010 ) . Free Market Economy. Retrieved November 7. 2011. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. economywatch. com/market-economy/free-market-economy. htm

Aristophanes the Ancient Greek Comedy Writer

Aristophanes the Ancient Greek Comedy Writer Aristophanes is important today because his work is still relevant. People still laugh at modern performances of his comedies. In particular, his famous womens sex strike for peace comedy, Lysistrata, continues to resonate. Pronunciation:  /à ¦.rÉ ª.sta.fÉ™.niz/ Examples:  In Aristophanes  Frogs, Dionysus, like Hercules before him, goes to the Underworld to bring back Euripides. The Old Comedy Old Comedy had been performed for 60 years prior to Aristophanes. In his time, as his work shows, Old Comedy was changing. It was bawdy and topically political, taking license with living people in the public eye. Ordinary humans played the most heroic characters. Gods and heroes could play buffoons. His style of Old Comedy is described as over-the-top, more like Animal House than How I Met Your Mother. The latter has a lineage that could be traced to an important comedy genre that came after Aristophanes. This was New Comedy, the stock character-filled comedy of manners, written by the Greek Menander and his Roman imitators. To be more completely accurate, New Comedy followed Middle Comedy, a little-known genre to which Aristophanes contributed at the end of his career. Aristophanes wrote comedies from 427-386 B.C., which gives us approximate dates for his life: (c. 448-385 B.C.). Unfortunately, we know very little about him, although he lived in Athens during periods of turmoil, beginning his writing career after the death of Pericles, during the Peloponnesian War. In A Handbook of Greek Literature, H.J. Rose says his father was named Philippos. Rose calls Aristophanes a member of the Athenian conservative party. Aristophanes Makes Fun of Socrates Aristophanes knew Socrates and poked fun at him in The Clouds, as an example of a sophist. From the other side, Aristophanes appears in Platos Symposium, comically hiccuping before he comes up with an inspired explanation for why there are are people with different sexual orientations. Of more than 40 plays written by Aristophanes, 11 survive. He won prizes at least six times but not all firsts four at the Lenaea (held roughly, in January), where comedy was added to the events in about 440 B.C., and two at the City Dionysia (roughly, in March), where only tragedy had been performed until about 486 B.C. While Aristophanes produced most of his own plays, he did not initially do so. Not until the Acharnians, a pro-peace play and one of those featuring the character of the great tragedian Euripides, won a prize at the Lenaea, in 425, did he start producing. His previous two plays, the Banqueteers, and the Babylonians do not survive. The Knights (Lenaea of 424), an attack on the political figure Cleon, and Frogs (Lenaia of 405), which also features the character of Euripides in a contest with Aeschylus, also won first prize. The generally irreverent, creative Aristophanes made fun of the gods and of real people. His portrayal of Socrates in The Clouds has been criticized for contributing to the atmosphere that condemned Socrates since he portrays Socrates as a ridiculous sophist teaching the morally worthless topics of philosophy for money. Old Comedy Structure A typical structure for Aristophanes Old Comedy would be prologue, parados, agon, parabasis, episodes, and Exodus, with a chorus of 24. Actors wore masks and had padding front and back. Costumes might include giant phalluses. He used equipment like the mechane or crane and the ekkyklema or platform. He made up long, complicated, compound words where appropriate, like cloudcuckooland. Surviving Comedies by Aristophanes The AcharniansThe BirdsThe CloudsThe EcclesiazusaeThe FrogsThe KnightsLysistrataPeacePlutusThe ThesmophoriazusaeThe Wasps

Ancient Religions

Principal beliefs of Nordic religion and its meaning to adherents. The ancient Norse religion was commonly followed and practiced by people in northern regions of the world, such as Scandinavia, Norway, Iceland and surrounding countries. It was believed that the world first came about when a northern and southern land, Niflheim and Muspellheim, both joined together. Niflheim (house of mists) , an extremely cold, icy land and Muspellheim (home of desolation) the seemingly opposite of Niflheim, a hot, fiery land. As both lands joined together, the reaction of the contrasting temperatures caused the ice of Niflheim to melt creating the first two living creatures Ymer, the giant and Audhumla, a female cow. From these two the first Gods were created (Odin, Vile and Ve), and from them the first human beings were created by Odin from an elm and ash tree. Due to a disagreeance between Ymer and the God’s, the giant was killed and from his body, landforms and other living races were created. The gods were revered by many as they were the creators of the races and established the different parts of the world, the world tree or Yggdrasil included. The Yggdrasil is one of the principal beliefs in Nordic religion as it was known as the centre of their nordic universe, the world tree was said to have held nine different realms within its branches. The realms were situated in different areas of the tree at the top, within the canopy; Asgard (heaven) was located. This is where many gods lived including Odin in Valhalla. In addition to Asgard two other realms Vanaheim (home of the fertility god) and Aflheim (home of light elves) were located at the highest level of the world tree. These realms were known as â€Å"divine†. Norse folk believed that Midgard, the middle section of Yggdrasil held the human world. Along with midgard, Nidavellir, Jotunheim and Svartalfhiem, home of the dwarves, giants and dark elves were also present here. At the third and bottom level of the tree the two lands that created the first living beings are found. It is believed that Hel, the place of death, is part of the harsh, destitute lands of Niflheim. Hel is connected to one of the three main root of the world tree and it is known as the underworld, the second root leads to Jotunheim( realm of the giants) and the third is connected to the divine realm, Asgard. The roots linked together the different levels and realms of the tree, likewise Bifrost, a magical bridge located between Asgard and the human world, Midgard was another connection between realms, allowing gods an entrance into the mortal world. The Influence of the Nordic beliefs in society was great as followers of the ancient religion could identify with the extreme life conditions and harsh weather that was also portrayed in the Nordic creation story. The Norse saw their conditions of life as a blessing from the gods and often used these gifts to the greatest advantage for example men often became farmers, cultivators, tradesmen or traders. Women in Nordic society also searched for meaning and insight from the gods as they held powerful positions in the religion. Women played a strong part in the community and often had to run the villages when the Viking warriors were away. The Norse strived to maintain a balanced lifestyle from the influence of what they had learned and incorporated from the gods. Odin was known as a wise and great warrior and many Viking men chose to follow the same path by becoming a warrior also. I was believed that one of the only worthy ways to die was to die in battle. This factor greatly contributed to the decisions of the Norse men. When a warrior died in battle he would go on to Valhalla, in the divine realm, if not they would go to Hel. The Norse people not only sought meaning from the gods, but from the actions and rituals they performed.

The effective groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The effective groups - Essay Example A group should be goal directed as well as structured properly. Goal directed means that the group should be designed to achieve some outcome and properly structured means the responsibility of the tasks and its related performance should be delegated to the members of the group. The ultimate responsibility of the group is to achieve high performance in an effective and efficient manner in order to achieve the set goals and targets. An effective group is built on several skills including ethical as well as practical skills. Ethical skills are extremely important for the group to perform effectively. Ethical skills involve honesty skills, giving respect to all the members of the group, listening skills as well as relationships built in trust. Honesty is an important factor for any group`s success. The group members should follow a code of being honest towards each other. It is true that honest is the best policy. Without honesty among the group members, no group can work effectively and accomplish its goals. Even greater than being honest with other group members, a person should, first and foremost, be honest to himself/herself. If a person is not honest to himself, he will not be able to work effectively in any group and as a result, the group will suffer and will not be able to accomplish its goals and targets. Therefore, honesty within and with other group members is extremely important for the group as a whole. Along with this, all group members must be honest with their work as well. Not being hon est with the work can prove to be very costly for the group and the entire group will have to suffer and bear the consequences. In the past, there have been several cases where one group member used illegal ways to accomplish their task and as a result, the reputation of the entire group was affected. Therefore, honesty with the work itself is also highly important for the group as a whole. Another ethical skill necessary for group effectiveness is the

Market Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Market Plan - Assignment Example Clearly these figures when taken in context with the vast market available for fresh growing and fresh cut herb are indicative of the fact that the market is far from saturation and can be exploited by utilize a clear and concise marketing strategy which combines the individual companies which import their herbs with the cost saving potential of exposing those companies to fresh grown and fresh cut herbs within our region. Within Europe alone, there are thousands of hectares that are strongly committed to the production of organic herbs. This is usually done collaboratively with marketing collectives as well as a co-op of processing plants. Within the UK alone there are only a few hundreds of these arrangements. Additionally, there are very few productions in place. The statistics indicate that there is a burgeoning market for individual companies which produce both fresh growing and fresh cut herbs. In within the UK there were nine hundred and thirty-five (935) stores selling fresh cut herbs and eight hundred and eighty-one stores selling fresh grown herbs during the time period of 1 November 2004 and 31 October 2005. These figures represent a total sale of 22,532,730 units annually, total revenue of 14,343,372, 4,433,970 customers served annually and a customer penetration of 26.05%. In the demographic region of East of England, there were only eighty-seven (87) stores selling fresh cut and fresh gr owing herbs combined. These stores sell 2,521,410 units with a total of 1,643,243 being generated from their sale. The customer penetration within this area is a mere 22.58%. Clearly the market for herbal products exists and there is a dire need for production systems as much of the production is done externally and the products are imported. Additionally, there has been a growth in the number of consumers who rely on medicinal herbs as well as herbs utilized for body care and hygienic needs. This has prompted an increase in the number of organic farmers and growers. Even in light of this, the market remains very far from saturation. As a commercial organic herb production company, Canfield Farm Fresh Herbs Ltd is in a unique position of being one of the very few companies to utilize horticultural advances as a means of establishing a brand that surpasses much of the industry standards. Organic Herbal Market Sectors Currently there are six distinctive sectors within the organic herbal market. These sectors include culinary, cosmetics and body care, health care/medicinal, veterinary, transplant and seed. The culinary sector includes pot grown and fresh cut herbs utilized by restaurants, food processing enterprises as well as hotels. The cosmetics and body care industry represents one of the fastest growing segments of the organic herbal market. In this sector herbs are sold as dry leaves or roots, essential oils, creams, lotions, bath oil and the like. Within the health care/medicinal sector, herbs are predominantly utilized in the form of dried leaves, fruits, roots, flowers and seeds. They are utilized by traditional herbalists as well as other consumers as an alternative to non-organic medicinal treatment. The veterinary segment represents a very small but potentially lucrative segment. The organic herbs within this segment